Uyuşturucu ticareti suçu için ölüm cezası

Bazı ülkelerde uyuşturucu maddelerin yasa dışı ithali, ihracı, taşınması, satışı veya bulundurulması ölüm cezasını gerektiren suçlar teşkil edebilmektedir. Hindistan’da bulunan sivil toplum kuruluşu Lawyers Collective’in 2011 tarihli makalesine göre 32 ülke narkotik uyuşturucular ve psikotrop maddelerle ilgili suçlarda ölüm cezası öngörmektedir."^[1] Harm Reduction International’ın 2012 tarihli raporuna göre ise 13’ünde kesin hüküm olmak üzere 33 ülke ve bölgede uyuşturucuya ilişkin suçlara ölüm cezası uygulanmaktadır."^[2]

Uyuşturucuya ilişkin suçlara ölüm cezası uygulayan ülkeler[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

Ülke	Cezalar
ABD	Büyük miktarda veya eroin, kokain, ekgonin, fensiklidin (PCP), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), esrar ya da metamfetamin karışımları.^[3]^[4]^[5] Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Yüce Mahkemesi, Kennedy v. Louisiana davasında mağdurun ölümüne yol açmayan eylemlerde sanığa ölüm cezası verilemeyeceğine hükmetmiştir ancak devlete karşı işlenen suçlar ile uyuşturucu çetesi yöneticiliği konusunda açık kapı bırakmıştır.^[6]^[7]
Afganistan
Bangladeş
Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri
Brunei
Çin
Endonezya
Fas
Hindistan	Belirlenen miktar içerisinde ikinci kez uyuşturucu kaçakçılığı suçundan hüküm giyerse ölüm cezasına çarptırılmayabilir.^[1]
Irak
İran
Katar
Kuveyt
Kuzey Kore
Küba
Laos
Malezya	^[8]
Mısır
Pakistan
Singapur	Misuse of Drugs Act (Singapur)
Somali
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Suriye
Suudi Arabistan
Tayland
Tayvan
Umman
Ürdün
Vietnam
Yemen
Zimbabve

Galeri[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

Ziyaretçileri Misuse of Drugs Act kapsamında uyuşturucu ticaretinin ölüm cezası ile cezalandırılacağı konusunda uyaran giriş kartı. Uyarı tabelaları ayrıca Johor-Singapore Causeway ve diğer sınır kapılarında görülebilir.
Taiwan Taoyuan Uluslararası Havalimanı’nda yolculara uyuşturucu ticaretinin ölüm cezası ile cezalandırıldığını bildiren uyarı levhası

Ayrıca bakınız[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

Kaynakça[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

^ ^a ^b Bombay High Court overturns mandatory death penalty for drug offences; first in the world to do so 22 Mayıs 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. 17 June 2011 by Lawyers Collective. "Consequently, the sentencing Court will have the option and not obligation, to impose capital punishment on a person convicted a second time for drugs in quantities specified under Section 31A. ... Across the world, 32 countries impose capital punishment for offences involving narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances."
^ Death Penalty for Drug Offences Global Overview 2012: Tipping the Scales for Abolition 8 Aralık 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. 27 November 2012. Harm Reduction International. "Tipping the Scales for Abolition documents the 33 countries and territories that retain death penalty for drug offences, including 13 in which the sentence is mandatory."
^ The Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 25 Mart 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Criminal Resource Manual 69. United States Department of Justice - United States Attorneys' Office. "In passing this legislation, Congress established constitutional procedures for imposition of the death penalty for 60 offenses under 13 existing and 28 newly-created Federal capital statutes, which fall into three broad categories: (1) homicide offenses; (2) espionage and treason; and (3) non-homicidal narcotics offenses."
^ The death penalty for drug kingpins: Constitutional and international implications 20 Ocak 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. By Eric Pinkard. Fall, 1999. Vermont Law Review. "In 1994 Congress enacted the Federal Death Penalty Act (FDPA) with provisions permitting the imposition of the death penalty on Drug Kingpins. The FDPA is unprecedented in American legal history in that the death penalty can be imposed in cases where the Drug Kingpin does not take a human life." See also: Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, and the section on the Federal Death Penalty Act.
^ 18 USC § 3591 - Sentence of death | Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure | U.S. Code 15 Ekim 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Title 18 of the United States Code. Legal Information Institute.
^ Syllabus. Kennedy v. Louisiana 24 Eylül 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Syllabus posted on SCOTUS blog 21 Kasım 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. SCOTUS is Supreme Court of the United States.

^ Chapter 4: The Death Penalty for Non-Homicide Drug Trafficking? Kennedy v. Louisiana and the Federal Death Penalty Act 15 Kasım 2013 tarihinde Archive.is sitesinde arşivlendi. By Seth Gurgel. From the book The Contemporary American Struggle with Death Penalty Law: Selected Topics and Cases. U.S.-China Death Penalty Reform Project of the U.S.-Asia Law Institute of NYU School of Law. A paragraph from it that summarizes things (emphasis added):

Making this discussion somewhat easier is the fact that in a recent case totally unrelated to drug trafficking (the case itself addressed the constitutionality of imposing the death penalty for rape of a child where no death occurs), Kennedy v. Louisiana, the U.S. Supreme Court conducted a detailed analysis of the distinction between crimes that do and do not take a human life and the relationship of each type of crime to the death penalty. Within this analysis, in a non-binding portion of the Court’s opinion (dictum), the Court drew an analytical line separating “offenses against the individual” from “offenses against the State.” In its holding, the Kennedy Court stated that, at least within the category of “offenses against the individual,” the death penalty is unconstitutional for crimes that do not take a human life, because the punishment of death is “excessive” and “disproportionate” to the crime, pursuant to the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on “cruel and unusual punishment.” With respect to the other category, however – “offenses against the State” – including crimes such as drug trafficking (and treason and espionage), even when they do not result in a death, the Court left open the possibility that the death penalty might not be unconstitutionally “excessive” punishment.

^ Moroccan man gets death for drug trafficking 21 Ekim 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. 31 May 2013. New Straits Times.

Dış bağlantılar[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

İnfaz yöntemleri:

Methods of Execution 22 Aralık 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Death Penalty Worldwide project.
Methods of Execution by Country - NutzWorld.com14 Temmuz 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.

Kaynakça için kaynaklar:

Death Penalty | StoptheDrugWar.org 15 Aralık 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Ongoing compilation of articles about countries sentencing people to death for drug offenses.

[lawyerscollective-1] Bombay High Court overturns mandatory death penalty for drug offences; first in the world to do so 22 Mayıs 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. 17 June 2011 by Lawyers Collective. "Consequently, the sentencing Court will have the option and not obligation, to impose capital punishment on a person convicted a second time for drugs in quantities specified under Section 31A. ... Across the world, 32 countries impose capital punishment for offences involving narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances."

[HRI-2] Death Penalty for Drug Offences Global Overview 2012: Tipping the Scales for Abolition 8 Aralık 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. 27 November 2012. Harm Reduction International. "Tipping the Scales for Abolition documents the 33 countries and territories that retain death penalty for drug offences, including 13 in which the sentence is mandatory."

[3] The Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994 25 Mart 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Criminal Resource Manual 69. United States Department of Justice - United States Attorneys' Office. "In passing this legislation, Congress established constitutional procedures for imposition of the death penalty for 60 offenses under 13 existing and 28 newly-created Federal capital statutes, which fall into three broad categories: (1) homicide offenses; (2) espionage and treason; and (3) non-homicidal narcotics offenses."

[4] The death penalty for drug kingpins: Constitutional and international implications 20 Ocak 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. By Eric Pinkard. Fall, 1999. Vermont Law Review. "In 1994 Congress enacted the Federal Death Penalty Act (FDPA) with provisions permitting the imposition of the death penalty on Drug Kingpins. The FDPA is unprecedented in American legal history in that the death penalty can be imposed in cases where the Drug Kingpin does not take a human life." See also: Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, and the section on the Federal Death Penalty Act.

[5] 18 USC § 3591 - Sentence of death | Title 18 - Crimes and Criminal Procedure | U.S. Code 15 Ekim 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Title 18 of the United States Code. Legal Information Institute.

[6] Syllabus. Kennedy v. Louisiana 24 Eylül 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Syllabus posted on SCOTUS blog 21 Kasım 2015 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. SCOTUS is Supreme Court of the United States.

[7] Chapter 4: The Death Penalty for Non-Homicide Drug Trafficking? Kennedy v. Louisiana and the Federal Death Penalty Act 15 Kasım 2013 tarihinde Archive.is sitesinde arşivlendi. By Seth Gurgel. From the book The Contemporary American Struggle with Death Penalty Law: Selected Topics and Cases. U.S.-China Death Penalty Reform Project of the U.S.-Asia Law Institute of NYU School of Law. A paragraph from it that summarizes things (emphasis added):

Making this discussion somewhat easier is the fact that in a recent case totally unrelated to drug trafficking (the case itself addressed the constitutionality of imposing the death penalty for rape of a child where no death occurs), Kennedy v. Louisiana, the U.S. Supreme Court conducted a detailed analysis of the distinction between crimes that do and do not take a human life and the relationship of each type of crime to the death penalty. Within this analysis, in a non-binding portion of the Court’s opinion (dictum), the Court drew an analytical line separating “offenses against the individual” from “offenses against the State.” In its holding, the Kennedy Court stated that, at least within the category of “offenses against the individual,” the death penalty is unconstitutional for crimes that do not take a human life, because the punishment of death is “excessive” and “disproportionate” to the crime, pursuant to the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition on “cruel and unusual punishment.” With respect to the other category, however – “offenses against the State” – including crimes such as drug trafficking (and treason and espionage), even when they do not result in a death, the Court left open the possibility that the death penalty might not be unconstitutionally “excessive” punishment.

[8] Moroccan man gets death for drug trafficking 21 Ekim 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. 31 May 2013. New Straits Times.

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Uyuşturucu ticareti suçu için ölüm cezası nedir?, Uyuşturucu ticareti suçu için ölüm cezası anlamı nedir?, Uyuşturucu ticareti suçu için ölüm cezası ne demektir?