Hristiyan devletler

Hristiyan devlet, Hristiyanlığın herhangi bir biçimini resmi din olarak tanıyan ve genellikle bir Hristiyan mezhebine ait, devlet tarafından desteklenen ve devleti destekleyen bir devlet kilisesine (aynı zamanda yerleşik kilise olarak da adlandırılır)^[1] sahip olan ülkedir.^[2]

Tarihte, Ermenistan,^[3] Habeşistan,^[4] Gürcistan,^[5] Roma İmparatorluğu ve Bizans İmparatorluğu kendilerini Hristiyan devleti olarak ilan ettiler.^[6]^[7]

Günümüzde birçok ulus resmi olarak kendilerini Hristiyan devleti olarak tanımlar veya devlet kiliselerine sahiptir. Bu ülkeler arasında Ermenistan, Kosta Rika,^[8] Danimarka (Grönland dahil), İngiltere, Etiyopya, Faroe Adaları, Gürcistan, Yunanistan,^[9] Macaristan,^[10] İzlanda, Lihtenştayn,^[11] Malta,^[12] Monako, Norveç,^[13] Samoa,^[14] Tonga,^[15] Tuvalu,^[16] Vatikan,^[17] ve Zambiya^[18] vardır. Hristiyan bir devlet, seküler bir devlet^[19] ateist bir devlet,^[20] Yahudi devleti^[21] veya bir İslam devleti gibi başka bir dini devletle zıtlık içindedir.^[22]

Kaynakça[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

^ Kierkegaard's Critique of Christian Nationalism. Oxford University Press. 7 Temmuz 2011. s. 60. ISBN 9780199604722. ...it is only as an established institution that the Church can fully preserve and promote Christian tradition to the nation. One cannot have a Christian state without a state Church.
^ Church and State in Western Society: Established Church, Cooperation and Separation. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 28 Şubat 2013. s. 6. ISBN 9781409497806. Under the established church approach, the government will assist the state church and likewise the church will assist the government. Religious education is mandated by law to be taught in all schools, public or private.
^ The History of Christianity. A. C. Armstrong & Son. 1887. s. 258. But while Persia fiercely repelled Christianity from its frontier, upon that frontier arose a Christian state. Armenia was the first country which embraced Christianity as the religion of the King, the nobles, and the people.
^ A Global History of Architecture. John Wiley & Sons. 13 Aralık 2010. s. 213. ISBN 9780470402573. In the 4th century, King Ezana converted to Christianity and declared Aksum a Christian state—the first Christian state in the history of the world.
^ An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Greenwood Publishing Group. 1 Ocak 1994. s. 242. ISBN 9780313274978. Kartli became a Christian state under King Mirian in 337.
^ A Comprehensive History Of Western Ethics. Prometheus Books. 4 Temmuz 2010. s. 152. ISBN 9781615926947. In the Edict of Thessalonica (380) he expressed the imperial "desire" that all Roman citizens should become Christians, the emperor adjudging all other madmen and ordering them to be designated as heretics,...condemned as such...to suffer divine punishment, and, therewith, the vengeance of that power, which we, by celestial authority, have assumed. There was thus created the "Christian State."
^ Eastern Europe. ABC-CLIO. 2004. s. 627. ISBN 9781576078006. In contrast, the emperor Justinian (527-565) refashioned the eastern part of the Roman Empire into a strong and dynamic Byzantine Empire, which claimed Bosnia-Hercegovina, among other provinces. The Byzantine Empire became the world's predominant Christian state, based on Roman law, Greek culture, and the Greek language.
^ Israel and the Family of Nations: The Jewish Nation-state and Human Rights. Taylor & Francis. 2009. s. 215. ISBN 9780415464413. Thus the Constitution of Costa Rica, which is considered a model of stable democracy in Latin America, states in Article 75: The Catholic and Apostolic Religion is the religion of the State, which contributes to its maintenance, without preventing the free exercise in the Republic of other forms of worship that are not opposed to universal morality or good customs.
^ A Confucian Constitutional Order. Princeton University Press. 2012. s. 221. ISBN 9780691154602. The features of the state affect the essence of the state, but the key term is that of historical identity, hence this chapter concentrates on historical identity as the essence of the state, though at times some of the other features will also be referred to. For instance, ancient Greece has now become an Orthodox Christian state. Ancient Persia (Iran) has now become a Muslim state, and the ancient Buddhist states of the Silk Route have also become Islamic states.
^ Hungary's Constitution of 2011 23 Nisan 2018 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
^ A World Survey of Religion and the State. Cambridge University Press. 19 Mayıs 2008. s. 119. ISBN 9781139472593. Liechtenstein's constitution designates the Catholic Church as the state Church and guarantees religious freedom. Article 38 provides protection for the property rights of all religious institutions and states that "the administration of church property in the parishes shall be regulated by a specific law; the agreement of church authorities shall be sought before the law is enacted." Article 16 states that religious instruction in public schools "shall be given by church authorities."
^ "Chapter 1 – The Republic of Malta". Legal-Malta. 27 Ağustos 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 4 Eylül 2011.
^ "The Constitution of Norway, Article 16 (English translation, published by the Norwegian Parliament)" (PDF). 8 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Kasım 2015.
^ Wyeth (16 Haziran 2017). "Samoa Officially Becomes a Christian State". The Diplomat. 16 Haziran 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 16 Haziran 2017.
^ Fodor's South Pacific. Fodor's. 12 Şubat 1986. ISBN 9780679013075. As King George I of Tonga, Tupou created the "modern" Christian state with the Cross dominating its flag, and with the rigorous constitutional clause regulating observation of the Sabbath.
^ State-Religion Relationships and Human Rights Law. Brill Academic Publishers. 2010. s. 18. ISBN 9789004181489. The Constitution of Tuvalu in a similar vein constitutes Tuvalu as "an independent State based on Christian principles...and Tuvaluan custom and tradition"; and also the Constitution of Vanuatu proclaims in its Preamble: "[we] HEREBY proclaim the establishment of the united and free Republic of Vanuatu founded on traditional Melanesian values, faith in God, and Christian principles..."
^ State-Religion Relationships and Human Rights Law. Brill Academic Publishers. 2010. s. 18. ISBN 9789004181489. The Catholic State of Vatican City is, of course, the best contemporary example of a Christian state. The State of Vatican City, originally established by the Lateran Pacts of 1929, approximates most faithfully the ideal-typical conception of theocratic Roman Catholic state. The Pope is ex officio simultaneously leader of the Catholic Church as well as Head of State and Head of the Government of the State of the Vatican City; he also possesses (de jure) absolute authority over the legislative, executive and judicial branches. Practically all acts and policies of the Vatican City revolve around the interests of the Holy See and, apart from the members of the Pontifical Swiss Guard, virtually all inhabitants of the Vatican City are members of the clergy.
^ The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity. Oxford University Press. 11 Ağustos 2011. s. 187. ISBN 9780199911530.
^ Criticism of Earth: On Marx, Engels and Theology. Brill Academic Publishers. 8 Haziran 2012. s. 168. ISBN 9789004225589. Yet what is intriguing about this argument is that this modern secular state arises from, or is the simultaneous realisation and negation of, the Christian state.
^ Karl Marx: Selected Writings. Oxford University Press. 2000. s. 55. ISBN 9780198782650. Indeed, it is not the so-called Christian state, that one that recognizes Christianity as its basis, as the state religion, and thus adopts an exclusive attitude to other religions, that is the perfected Christian state, but rather the atheist state, the ...
^ War and Its Discontents: Pacifism and Quietism in the Abrahamic Traditions (İngilizce). Georgetown University Press. 1 Nisan 1996. s. 92. ISBN 9781589018778. The religious group is confronted by a pagan state, a Jewish state, a Christian state, an Islamic state, or a secular state.
^ Gender, Justice, and the Wars in Iraq. Lexington Books. 1 Ocak 2006. s. 24. ISBN 9780739116104. Just as Christian just war theory justified the actions of the Christian state, Islamic jihad theory began with the founding of the Islamic state.

[Backhouse2011-1] Kierkegaard's Critique of Christian Nationalism. Oxford University Press. 7 Temmuz 2011. s. 60. ISBN 9780199604722. ...it is only as an established institution that the Church can fully preserve and promote Christian tradition to the nation. One cannot have a Christian state without a state Church.

[Eberle2013-2] Church and State in Western Society: Established Church, Cooperation and Separation. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 28 Şubat 2013. s. 6. ISBN 9781409497806. Under the established church approach, the government will assist the state church and likewise the church will assist the government. Religious education is mandated by law to be taught in all schools, public or private.

[MilmanMurdock1887-3] The History of Christianity. A. C. Armstrong & Son. 1887. s. 258. But while Persia fiercely repelled Christianity from its frontier, upon that frontier arose a Christian state. Armenia was the first country which embraced Christianity as the religion of the King, the nobles, and the people.

[ChingJarzombek2010-4] A Global History of Architecture. John Wiley & Sons. 13 Aralık 2010. s. 213. ISBN 9780470402573. In the 4th century, King Ezana converted to Christianity and declared Aksum a Christian state—the first Christian state in the history of the world.

[OlsonPappas1994-5] An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Greenwood Publishing Group. 1 Ocak 1994. s. 242. ISBN 9780313274978. Kartli became a Christian state under King Mirian in 337.

[Ashby2010-6] A Comprehensive History Of Western Ethics. Prometheus Books. 4 Temmuz 2010. s. 152. ISBN 9781615926947. In the Edict of Thessalonica (380) he expressed the imperial "desire" that all Roman citizens should become Christians, the emperor adjudging all other madmen and ordering them to be designated as heretics,...condemned as such...to suffer divine punishment, and, therewith, the vengeance of that power, which we, by celestial authority, have assumed. There was thus created the "Christian State."

[Frucht2004-7] Eastern Europe. ABC-CLIO. 2004. s. 627. ISBN 9781576078006. In contrast, the emperor Justinian (527-565) refashioned the eastern part of the Roman Empire into a strong and dynamic Byzantine Empire, which claimed Bosnia-Hercegovina, among other provinces. The Byzantine Empire became the world's predominant Christian state, based on Roman law, Greek culture, and the Greek language.

[YakobsonRubinstein2009-8] Israel and the Family of Nations: The Jewish Nation-state and Human Rights. Taylor & Francis. 2009. s. 215. ISBN 9780415464413. Thus the Constitution of Costa Rica, which is considered a model of stable democracy in Latin America, states in Article 75: The Catholic and Apostolic Religion is the religion of the State, which contributes to its maintenance, without preventing the free exercise in the Republic of other forms of worship that are not opposed to universal morality or good customs.

[Jiang2012-9] A Confucian Constitutional Order. Princeton University Press. 2012. s. 221. ISBN 9780691154602. The features of the state affect the essence of the state, but the key term is that of historical identity, hence this chapter concentrates on historical identity as the essence of the state, though at times some of the other features will also be referred to. For instance, ancient Greece has now become an Orthodox Christian state. Ancient Persia (Iran) has now become a Muslim state, and the ancient Buddhist states of the Silk Route have also become Islamic states.

[10] Hungary's Constitution of 2011 23 Nisan 2018 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.. Retrieved 9 February 2016.

[Fox2008-11] A World Survey of Religion and the State. Cambridge University Press. 19 Mayıs 2008. s. 119. ISBN 9781139472593. Liechtenstein's constitution designates the Catholic Church as the state Church and guarantees religious freedom. Article 38 provides protection for the property rights of all religious institutions and states that "the administration of church property in the parishes shall be regulated by a specific law; the agreement of church authorities shall be sought before the law is enacted." Article 16 states that religious instruction in public schools "shall be given by church authorities."

[legal-malta-12] "Chapter 1 – The Republic of Malta". Legal-Malta. 27 Ağustos 2011 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 4 Eylül 2011.

[NorwayConstitution-13] "The Constitution of Norway, Article 16 (English translation, published by the Norwegian Parliament)" (PDF). 8 Eylül 2015 tarihinde kaynağından (PDF) arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 29 Kasım 2015.

[Wyeth2017-14] Wyeth (16 Haziran 2017). "Samoa Officially Becomes a Christian State". The Diplomat. 16 Haziran 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 16 Haziran 2017.

[Fodor1986-15] Fodor's South Pacific. Fodor's. 12 Şubat 1986. ISBN 9780679013075. As King George I of Tonga, Tupou created the "modern" Christian state with the Cross dominating its flag, and with the rigorous constitutional clause regulating observation of the Sabbath.

[Temperman2010-16] State-Religion Relationships and Human Rights Law. Brill Academic Publishers. 2010. s. 18. ISBN 9789004181489. The Constitution of Tuvalu in a similar vein constitutes Tuvalu as "an independent State based on Christian principles...and Tuvaluan custom and tradition"; and also the Constitution of Vanuatu proclaims in its Preamble: "[we] HEREBY proclaim the establishment of the united and free Republic of Vanuatu founded on traditional Melanesian values, faith in God, and Christian principles..."

[Erasmus2010-17] State-Religion Relationships and Human Rights Law. Brill Academic Publishers. 2010. s. 18. ISBN 9789004181489. The Catholic State of Vatican City is, of course, the best contemporary example of a Christian state. The State of Vatican City, originally established by the Lateran Pacts of 1929, approximates most faithfully the ideal-typical conception of theocratic Roman Catholic state. The Pope is ex officio simultaneously leader of the Catholic Church as well as Head of State and Head of the Government of the State of the Vatican City; he also possesses (de jure) absolute authority over the legislative, executive and judicial branches. Practically all acts and policies of the Vatican City revolve around the interests of the Holy See and, apart from the members of the Pontifical Swiss Guard, virtually all inhabitants of the Vatican City are members of the clergy.

[Jenkins2011-18] The Next Christendom: The Coming of Global Christianity. Oxford University Press. 11 Ağustos 2011. s. 187. ISBN 9780199911530.

[Boer2012-19] Criticism of Earth: On Marx, Engels and Theology. Brill Academic Publishers. 8 Haziran 2012. s. 168. ISBN 9789004225589. Yet what is intriguing about this argument is that this modern secular state arises from, or is the simultaneous realisation and negation of, the Christian state.

[MarxMcLellan2000-20] Karl Marx: Selected Writings. Oxford University Press. 2000. s. 55. ISBN 9780198782650. Indeed, it is not the so-called Christian state, that one that recognizes Christianity as its basis, as the state religion, and thus adopts an exclusive attitude to other religions, that is the perfected Christian state, but rather the atheist state, the ...

[Burns1996-21] War and Its Discontents: Pacifism and Quietism in the Abrahamic Traditions (İngilizce). Georgetown University Press. 1 Nisan 1996. s. 92. ISBN 9781589018778. The religious group is confronted by a pagan state, a Jewish state, a Christian state, an Islamic state, or a secular state.

[Sjoberg2006-22] Gender, Justice, and the Wars in Iraq. Lexington Books. 1 Ocak 2006. s. 24. ISBN 9780739116104. Just as Christian just war theory justified the actions of the Christian state, Islamic jihad theory began with the founding of the Islamic state.

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Hristiyan devletler nedir?, Hristiyan devletler anlamı nedir?, Hristiyan devletler ne demektir?

Hristiyan devletler nedir?, Hristiyan devletler anlamı nedir?, Hristiyan devletler ne demektir?

Hristiyan devletler

Kaynakça[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]