Carnivoraformes

Carnivoraformes
Yaşadığı dönem aralığı: 63,8-0 myö
Puerkan-Günümüz^[1]
PreЄ
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S
D
C
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Pg
N
Carnivoraformes; Yaşadığı dönem aralığı: 63,8-0 myö; Puerkan-Günümüz PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Biyolojik sınıflandırma
lem:	Animalia
Şube:	Chordata
Sınıf:	Mammalia
(sırasız):	Carnivoramorpha
(sırasız):	Carnivoraformes; Flynn, 2010
Altgruplar
	Metne bakınız.

Carnivoraformes ("etçil formları"), çağdaş Carnivora takımını ve soyu tükenmiş kök akrabalarını içeren plasentalı memelilerin bir kladıdır.

Sınıflandırma ve filogeni[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

Sınıflandırma[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

2010'da Flynn, Finarelli & Spaulding, Carnivoraformes'i, Carnivoramorpha'da etçiller ve miasidleri içeren ancak diğer carnivoramorfları içermeyen yeni bir klad olarak tanımladı.^[3]

Klad: Carnivoraformes
- Cins: † Afritis
- Cins: † Ceruttia
- Cins: † Dawsonicyon
- Cins: † Miacis
- Cins: † Prodaphaenus
- Cins: † Walshius
- (derecesiz): † Gracilocyon / Oodectes
  - Cins: † Eogale
  - Cins: † Gracilocyon
  - Cins: † Oodectes
  - Cins: † Paramiacis
  - Cins: † Paroodectes
- (derecelendirilmemiş): † Lycarion / Neovulpavus
  - Cins: † Lycarion
  - Cins: † Neovulpavus
- (derecesiz): † Uintacyon
  - Cins: † Miocyon
  - Cins: † Simamphicyon
  - Cins: † Uintacyon
  - Cins: † Zodiocyon
  - Incertae sedis :
    - † "Miacis" boqinghensis
    - † "Miacis" invictus
    - † "Miacis" lushiensis
    - † "Miacis" thailandicus
- (derecelendirilmemiş): † Vulpavus clade
  - Cins: † Dormaalocyon
  - Cins: † Vassacyon
  - Cins: † Vulpavus
  - Incertae sedis :
    - † "Miacis" deutschi
    - † "Miasis" eksiguus
- Incertae sedis :
  - † "Miacis" hookwayi
  - † "Miacis" latidens
  - † "Miasis" petilus
- Takım: Carnivora (etçiller)
  - Alt takım: Caniformia ("köpek benzeri" etçiller)
  - Alt takım: Feliformia ("kedi benzeri" etçiller)

Filogenetik ağaç[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

Carnivoraformes'un filogenetik ilişkileri aşağıdaki kladogramda gösterilmiştir:^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]

Carnivoramorpha

†Viverravidae

	†Viverravoidea

?	†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 50993 & UALVP 50994)

?	†Ravenictis

sensu lato

?

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 31176)

?

†Carnivoramorpha sp. (USNM 538395)

?

†"Sinopa" insectivorus

Carnivoraformes

	†Neovulpavus

?	†carnivoraform undet. Genus A (UCMP 110072)

	†Lycarion

†Lycarion/Neovulpavus clade

?

†carnivoraform undet. Genus B (SDSNH 56335)

?

†Ceruttia

	†Dormaalocyon

	†"Miacis" exiguus

	†Vassacyon

	†Vulpavus

†"Miacis" deutschi

†Vulpavus clade

	†Miocyon

	†Simamphicyon

†Zodiocyon

	†Uintacyon

?	†"Miacis" boqinghensis

?	†"Miacis" lushiensis

?	†"Miacis" thailandicus

?	†"Miacis" invictus

†Uintacyon clade

†Miacis

†carnivoraform sp. (PM 3868)

†Dawsonicyon

?

†Africtis

†"Miacis" petilus

†"Miacis" latidens

?

†"Miacis" hookwayi

†Paroodectes

†Paramiacis

†Eogale

	†Gracilocyon

	†Oodectes

†Gracilocyon/Oodectes clade

†Prodaphaenus

?

†Walshius

Carnivora

	Feliformia

	Caniformia

sensu stricto

(Carnivora [sensu lato])

Kaynakça[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

^ "Carnivoraformes". www.mindat.org. 18 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Temmuz 2021.
^ Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). "Dental and tarsal anatomy of 'Miacis'latouriand a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1). ss. 1–21. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195. ISSN 0272-4634. Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2). ss. e1082480. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. ISSN 0272-4634.
^ Carnivoran evolution : new views on phylogeny, form, and function. Anjali Goswami, Anthony Friscia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-511-72938-6. OCLC 669516542.
^ Bryant, H.N., and M. Wolson (2004) “Phylogenetic Nomenclature of Carnivoran Mammals.” First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting. Paris, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle
^ John J. Flynn; John A. Finarelli; Michelle Spaulding (2010). "Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations". Anjali Goswami; Anthony Friscia (Ed.). Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function. Cambridge University Press. ss. 25-63. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003. ISBN 9781139193436.
^ Michelle Spaulding; John J. Flynn; Richard K. Stucky (2010). "A new basal Carnivoramorphan (Mammalia) from the 'Bridger B' (Black's Fork member, Bridger Formation, Bridgerian Nalma, middle Eocene) of Wyoming, USA". Palaeontology. 53 (4): 815-832. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00963.x .
^ Susumu Tomiya (2011). "A new basal caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Middle Eocene of North America and remarks on the phylogeny of early carnivorans". PLOS One. 6 (9): e24146. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024146. PMC 3173397 $2. PMID 21935380.
^ Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). "Dental and tarsal anatomy of Miacis latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 1-21. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195. ISSN 0272-4634.
^ Wang, Jian; Zhang, Zhaoqun (2015). "Phylogenetic analysis on Palaeogale (Palaeogalidae, Carnivora) based on specimens from Oligocene strata of Saint-Jacques, Nei Mongol". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 53 (4): 310-334.
^ Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. ISSN 0272-4634.
^ Tomiya, Susumu; Tseng, Zhijie Jack (2016). "Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene 'Miacis' from Texas, USA, and the origin of Amphicyonidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)". Royal Society Open Science. 3 (10): 160518. Bibcode:2016RSOS....3p0518T. doi:10.1098/rsos.160518. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 5098994 $2. PMID 27853569.
^ Solé, F. & Ladevèze, S. (2017). "Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria, Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars." 29 Haziran 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Evolution & Development, 19(2), 56–68.
^ Prevosti, F. J., & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018). "Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies" 19 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.

[1] "Carnivoraformes". www.mindat.org. 18 Nisan 2021 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 6 Temmuz 2021.

[Carnivoraformes-kaynak-2] Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). "Dental and tarsal anatomy of 'Miacis'latouriand a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1). ss. 1–21. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195. ISSN 0272-4634. Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2). ss. e1082480. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. ISSN 0272-4634.

[3] Carnivoran evolution : new views on phylogeny, form, and function. Anjali Goswami, Anthony Friscia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-511-72938-6. OCLC 669516542.

[Bryant2004-4] Bryant, H.N., and M. Wolson (2004) “Phylogenetic Nomenclature of Carnivoran Mammals.” First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting. Paris, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle

[asdff-5] John J. Flynn; John A. Finarelli; Michelle Spaulding (2010). "Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations". Anjali Goswami; Anthony Friscia (Ed.). Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function. Cambridge University Press. ss. 25-63. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003. ISBN 9781139193436.

[Dawsonicyon-6] Michelle Spaulding; John J. Flynn; Richard K. Stucky (2010). "A new basal Carnivoramorphan (Mammalia) from the 'Bridger B' (Black's Fork member, Bridger Formation, Bridgerian Nalma, middle Eocene) of Wyoming, USA". Palaeontology. 53 (4): 815-832. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00963.x .

[Lycophocyon-7] Susumu Tomiya (2011). "A new basal caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Middle Eocene of North America and remarks on the phylogeny of early carnivorans". PLOS One. 6 (9): e24146. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024146. PMC 3173397 $2. PMID 21935380.

[SoléSmith2014-8] Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). "Dental and tarsal anatomy of Miacis latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 1-21. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195. ISSN 0272-4634.

[Wang2015-9] Wang, Jian; Zhang, Zhaoqun (2015). "Phylogenetic analysis on Palaeogale (Palaeogalidae, Carnivora) based on specimens from Oligocene strata of Saint-Jacques, Nei Mongol". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 53 (4): 310-334.

[SoléSmith2016-10] Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. ISSN 0272-4634.

[TomiyaTseng2016-11] Tomiya, Susumu; Tseng, Zhijie Jack (2016). "Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene 'Miacis' from Texas, USA, and the origin of Amphicyonidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)". Royal Society Open Science. 3 (10): 160518. Bibcode:2016RSOS....3p0518T. doi:10.1098/rsos.160518. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 5098994 $2. PMID 27853569.

[12] Solé, F. & Ladevèze, S. (2017). "Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria, Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars." 29 Haziran 2021 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Evolution & Development, 19(2), 56–68.

[13] Prevosti, F. J., & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018). "Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies" 19 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.

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Carnivoraform nedir?, Carnivoraform anlamı nedir?, Carnivoraform ne demektir?