Plateosaurus

Plateosaurus PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Biyolojik sınıflandırma
lem:	Animalia;
Şube:	Chordata;
Klad	Dinosauria;
Klad	Saurischia;
Klad	Sauropodomorpha;
Familya:	Plateosauridae;
Cins:	Plateosaurus;
Türler
	P. engelhardti(von Meyer, 1837); P. gracilis (von Huene, 1907-08);
Sinonimler
	Dimodosaurus Pidancet & Chopard, 1862; Gresslyosaurus (Rütimeyer, 1856); Pachysaurops (von Huene, 1961); Pachysaurus (von Huene, 1907–1908); Pachysauriscus (Kuhn, 1959); Sellosaurus (von Huene, 1907–1908);

Plateosaurus (muhtemelen "geniş kertenkele" anlamında, sıklıkla yanlış olarak "düz kertenkele" olarak çevrilir), geç Triayas dönemimde yaklaşık 214 ile 204 milyon yıl önce şimdiki Avrupa kıtasında yaşamış olan bir plateosaurid dinozor cinsidir. Plateosaurus, sauropodomorph dinozorların atası olarak "prosauropod" olarak da isimlendirilir. 2011 yılına kadar iki türü keşfedildi; P. engelhardti ve P. gracilis. Geçmişte başka türlerde keşfedilmesine rağmen plateosaurid dinozorların tür taksonomisinde geniş bir görüş birliği olmadığından kabul edilmemiştir.

1834 yılında Johann Friedrich Engelhardt tarafından keşfedildi ve 1837 yılında da Hermann von Meyer tarafından halen geçerli dinozor cinsi olan Plateosaurus olarak tanımlandı. Halen bilim dünyasında en iyi bilinen dinozorlar arasındadır. 100 den fazla iskelet fosili bulunmuştur ve bazıları neredeyse eksiksizdir. Swabia, Almanya'da fosillerinin bulunması Schwäbischer Lindwurm (Swabian ejderhası) takma ismini almasına yol açmıştır.

Plateosaurus; iki ayaklı (bipedal), otçul, uzun hareketli bir boynu ve nispeten küçük bir kafası olan, keskin ama dolgun bitki çiğneme dişleri olan, güçlü arka ayakları olan, kısa ama güçlü kolları ve 3 parmaklı büyük pençeli kavrayıcı elleri olan bir dinozordu. Pençelerini savunma ve beslenme amaçlı kullandığı düşünülüyor. Yetişkin bir "Plateosaurus"'un boyunun 4.8-10 metre arasında ve ağırlığının 600–4000 kg arasında olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. En azından 12-20 yıl yaşadıkları tahmin edilmektedir ancak maksimum ömrü bilinmemektedir.

Açıklama[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

Plateosaurus, Prosauropoda" olarak bilinen bir grup erken otçul dinozor ailesinin üyesidir.^[1] Birçok araştırmacı bazal sauropodomorph (sauropodomorph atası) olarak kabul eder.^[2]^[3] Plateosaurus, otçul iki ayaklı dinozorların tipik vücut şekline sahipti; küçük kafatası, 10 servikal (boyun) vertebradan oluşan uzun hareketli bir boyun, tıknaz bir vücut ve hareketli uzun, en az 40 kaudal (kuyruk) vertebradan oluşan bir kuyruk.^[4]^[5]^[6] Diğer "prosauropodlara" nazaran Plateosaurusun kolları çok kısaydı. Ancak elleri ile kavrama konusunda çok güçlüydü.^[5]^[7] Omuz kuşağı dar idi.(iskelet elemanları ve çizimleri sıklıkla yanlış hizalanır),^[5]^[7]^[8] Arka bacakları vücudunun altında ve diz ve ayak bileği hafif fleksiyonda bulunuyordu. Ayakları parmaklıydı ve ayaklarının üzerinde yürüyordu.^[5]^[9]^[10] orantılı olarak uzun bacak ve metatarsusu sayesinde hızlı bir şekilde koşabiliyordu.^[5]^[7]^[9]^[10] Kuyruğu tipik dinozor kuyruğu şeklinde güçlü ve yüksek hareket kabiliyetine sahipti.^[7]

Galeri[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

Plateosaurus, neredeyse tüm iskeleti
Önemli Plateosaurus bölgeleri
Plateosaurus engelhardti
Plateosaurus engelhardti
Monte edilmiş Plateosaurus iskeleti
Plateosaurus engelhardti
Plateosaurus kol ve eli
İnsan ve plateosaurus kıyaslaması

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Kaynakça[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

^ ^a ^b Huene, F. von (1932). "Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte". Monographien zur Geologie und Paläontologie (Almanca). Cilt 4. ss. 1-361.
^ ^a ^b Yates, A.M. (2010). "A revision of the problematic sauropodomorph dinosaurs from Manchester, Connecticut and the status of Anchisaurus Marsh". Palaeontology. 53 (4). ss. 739-752. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00952.x.
^ ^a ^b Rowe, T.B.; Sues, H.-D.; Reisz, R.R. (2011). "Dispersal and diversity in the earliest North American sauropodomorph dinosaurs, with a description of a new taxon". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 278 (1708). ss. 1044-1053. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1867. PMC 3049036 $2. PMID 20926438.
^ ^a ^b Jaekel, O. (1911). Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die fossilen und lebenden Formen (Almanca). Berlin: Borntraeger.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Huene, F. von (1926). "Vollständige Osteologie eines Plateosauriden aus dem schwäbischen Keuper". Geologische und Paläontologische Abhandlungen, Neue Folge (Almanca). 15 (2). ss. 139-179.
^ ^a ^b Moser, M. (2003). "Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha) aus dem Feuerletten (Mittelkeuper; Obertrias) von Bayern". Zitteliana Reihe B, Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie (Almanca). Cilt 24. ss. 1-186. OCLC 54854853. 28 Aralık 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mart 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Mallison, H. (2010). "The digital Plateosaurus II: an assessment of the range of motion of the limbs and vertebral column and of previous reconstructions using a digital skeletal mount". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 55 (3). ss. 433-458. doi:10.4202/app.2009.0075. 2 Nisan 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mart 2012.
^ ^a ^b Yates, A.M.; Vasconcelos, C.C. (2005). "Furcula-like clavicles in the prosauropod dinosaur Massospondylus". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (2). ss. 466-468. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0466:FCITPD]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 4524460.
^ ^a ^b ^c Christian, Andreas; Koberg, Dorothee; Preuschoft, Holger (1996). "Shape of the pelvis and posture of the hindlimbs in Plateosaurus". Palaeontologische Zeitschrift. 70 (3–4). ss. 591-601. doi:10.1007/BF02988095.
^ ^a ^b ^c Mallison, H. (2010). "The digital Plateosaurus I: body mass, mass distribution and posture assessed using CAD and CAE on a digitally mounted complete skeleton". Palaeontologia Electronica. Cilt 13.2.8A. 15 Haziran 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mart 2012.
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^ Agassiz, L. (1846). Nomenclatoris zoologici index universalis, continens nomina systernatica classium, ordinum, familiarurn et generum animalium omnium, tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum unicum disposita, adjectis homonymiis, plantarum, nec non variis adnotationibus et emendationibus (Latince). Soloduri: Jent & Gassmann. s. 296. 7 Eylül 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mart 2012.
^ Barrett, Paul M. (2000). "Prosauropod dinosaurs and iguanas: Speculations on the diets of extinct reptiles". Sues, H.-D. (Ed.). Evolution of Herbivory in Terrestrial Vertebrates: Perspectives from the Fossil Record. Cambridge University Press. ss. 42-78. ISBN 0521-59449-9.
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^ Galton, Peter M. (1985). "Cranial anatomy of the prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus from the Knollenmergel (Middle Keuper, Upper Triassic) of Germany. II. All the cranial material and details of soft-part anatomy". Geologica et Palaeontologica. Cilt 19. ss. 119-159.
^ Galton, Peter M. (1986). "Prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus (=Gresslyosaurus) (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha) from the Upper Triassic of Switzerland". Geologica et Paleontologica. Cilt 20. ss. 167-183.
^ Galton, Peter M. (1990). "Basal Sauropodomorpha-Prosauropoda". Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska, H. (Ed.). The Dinosauria (1 bas.). University of California Press. ss. 320-344. ISBN 0-520-06727-4.
^ Galton, Peter M. (2000). "The prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus Meyer, 1837 (Saurischia, Sauropodomorpha). I: The syntypes of P. engelhardti Meyer, 1837 (Upper Triassic, Germany), with notes on other European prosauropods with "distally straight" femora". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 216 (2). ss. 233-275.
^ Galton, Peter M. (2001). "The prosauropod dinosaur Plateosaurus Meyer, 1837 (Saurischia: Sauropodomorpha; Upper Triassic). II. Notes on the referred species". Revue Paléobiologie, Genève. 20 (2). ss. 435-502.
^ Galton, Peter M.; Upchurch, Paul (2004). "Prosauropoda". Weishampel, D.B.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska, H. (Ed.). The Dinosauria (2 bas.). University of California Press. ss. 232-258. ISBN 978-0-520-25408-4.
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^ Huene, F. von (1905). "Über die Trias-Dinosaurier Europas". Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft (Almanca). Cilt 57. ss. 345-349.
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^ Mallison, H. (2011). "Plateosaurus in 3D: How CAD Models and Kinetic–Dynamic Modeling Bring an Extinct Animal to Life". Klein, N.; Remes, K.; Gee, C.; Sander M. (Ed.). Biology of the Sauropod Dinosaurs: Understanding the life of giants. Life of the Past (series ed. Farlow, J.). Indiana University Press. ss. 219-236. ISBN 978-0253355089.
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Dış bağlantılar[değiştir | kaynağı değiştir]

Plateosaurus at DinoData 30 Eylül 2011 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.

[Huene1932-1] Huene, F. von (1932). "Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte". Monographien zur Geologie und Paläontologie (Almanca). Cilt 4. ss. 1-361.

[Yates2010-2] Yates, A.M. (2010). "A revision of the problematic sauropodomorph dinosaurs from Manchester, Connecticut and the status of Anchisaurus Marsh". Palaeontology. 53 (4). ss. 739-752. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00952.x.

[Rowe&al2010-3] Rowe, T.B.; Sues, H.-D.; Reisz, R.R. (2011). "Dispersal and diversity in the earliest North American sauropodomorph dinosaurs, with a description of a new taxon". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 278 (1708). ss. 1044-1053. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1867. PMC 3049036 $2. PMID 20926438.

[Jaekel1911-4] Jaekel, O. (1911). Die Wirbeltiere. Eine Übersicht über die fossilen und lebenden Formen (Almanca). Berlin: Borntraeger.

[Huene1926-5] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Huene, F. von (1926). "Vollständige Osteologie eines Plateosauriden aus dem schwäbischen Keuper". Geologische und Paläontologische Abhandlungen, Neue Folge (Almanca). 15 (2). ss. 139-179.

[Moser2003-6] Moser, M. (2003). "Plateosaurus engelhardti Meyer, 1837 (Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha) aus dem Feuerletten (Mittelkeuper; Obertrias) von Bayern". Zitteliana Reihe B, Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie (Almanca). Cilt 24. ss. 1-186. OCLC 54854853. 28 Aralık 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mart 2012.

[MallisonTDPII-7] Mallison, H. (2010). "The digital Plateosaurus II: an assessment of the range of motion of the limbs and vertebral column and of previous reconstructions using a digital skeletal mount". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 55 (3). ss. 433-458. doi:10.4202/app.2009.0075. 2 Nisan 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mart 2012.

[YatesVasc2005-8] Yates, A.M.; Vasconcelos, C.C. (2005). "Furcula-like clavicles in the prosauropod dinosaur Massospondylus". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (2). ss. 466-468. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0466:FCITPD]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 4524460.

[Christetal1996-9] Christian, Andreas; Koberg, Dorothee; Preuschoft, Holger (1996). "Shape of the pelvis and posture of the hindlimbs in Plateosaurus". Palaeontologische Zeitschrift. 70 (3–4). ss. 591-601. doi:10.1007/BF02988095.

[MallisonTDPI-10] Mallison, H. (2010). "The digital Plateosaurus I: body mass, mass distribution and posture assessed using CAD and CAE on a digitally mounted complete skeleton". Palaeontologia Electronica. Cilt 13.2.8A. 15 Haziran 2012 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mart 2012.

[Agassiz1844-11] Agassiz, L. (1844). Nomenclator Zoologicus, continens nomina systernatica generum animalium tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum disposita, adjectis auctoribus, libris in quibus reperiuntur, anno editionis, etymologia et familiis, ad quas pertinent, in sirigulis classibus (1842–1846). Fasciculus VI continens Reptilia (Latince). Soloduri: Jent & Gassmann. s. 34. 7 Eylül 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mart 2012.

[Agassiz1846-12] Agassiz, L. (1846). Nomenclatoris zoologici index universalis, continens nomina systernatica classium, ordinum, familiarurn et generum animalium omnium, tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum unicum disposita, adjectis homonymiis, plantarum, nec non variis adnotationibus et emendationibus (Latince). Soloduri: Jent & Gassmann. s. 296. 7 Eylül 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 20 Mart 2012.

[Barrett2000-13] Barrett, Paul M. (2000). "Prosauropod dinosaurs and iguanas: Speculations on the diets of extinct reptiles". Sues, H.-D. (Ed.). Evolution of Herbivory in Terrestrial Vertebrates: Perspectives from the Fossil Record. Cambridge University Press. ss. 42-78. ISBN 0521-59449-9.

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Gresslyosaurus nedir?, Gresslyosaurus anlamı nedir?, Gresslyosaurus ne demektir?

Gresslyosaurus nedir?, Gresslyosaurus anlamı nedir?, Gresslyosaurus ne demektir?

Plateosaurus

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